{"id":3343,"date":"2012-04-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-04-11T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"3343","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/3343\/","title":{"rendered":"Perch&eacute; l&#8217;acqua spegne il fuoco?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>\n<w:WordDocument>\n<w:View>Normal<\/w:View>\n<w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom>\n<w:TrackMoves \/>\n<w:TrackFormatting \/>\n<w:PunctuationKerning \/>\n<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas \/>\n<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>\n<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent>\n<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>\n<w:DoNotPromoteQF \/>\n<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US<\/w:LidThemeOther>\n<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE<\/w:LidThemeAsian>\n<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE<\/w:LidThemeComplexScript>\n<w:Compatibility>\n<w:BreakWrappedTables \/>\n<w:SnapToGridInCell \/>\n<w:WrapTextWithPunct 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style=\"font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:\n&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#333333;mso-ansi-language:IT\">Esiste il triangolo del fuoco.<br \/>\nIl triangolo del fuoco rappresenta i fattori necessari per generare una fiamma:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 10.85pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"IT\" style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">-COMBUSTIBILE: &egrave; la sostanza in grado di bruciare.<br \/>\nIn condizioni normali, pu&ograve; trovarsi allo stato solido (exp.: carta, legna, carbone, etc&#8230;), liquido (exp.: alcol, benzina, gasolio, etc&#8230;) o gassoso (exp.: propano, metano, idrogeno, etc&#8230;).<br \/>\nInoltre si contraddistinguono i combustibili Naturali (adoperati senza modifiche, come il metano) e Derivati (adoperati dopo, ad esempio, lavori di raffinamento, come benzine e GPL).<\/p>\n<p>Una caratteristica molto importante di ogni combustibile &egrave; il suo potere calorifico: rappresenta la quantit&agrave; di calore (calorie) prodotta per kg di combustibile.<\/p>\n<p>-COMBURENTE: &egrave; una sostanza che agisce come ossidante di un combustibile in una combustione e senza di esso la combustione non ha luogo.<br \/>\nAlcuni esempi di comburente sono Ossigeno, Idrogeno, Cloro, Fluoro, etc&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>-INNESCO: &egrave; un qualsiasi fenomeno energetico che d&agrave; il via alla combustione.<br \/>\nPu&ograve; essere di varia natura come elettrica (un corto circuito), chimica (reazioni esotermiche), termica (come una fiamma), e molte altre.<br \/>\nSenza di esso, anche se combustibile e comburente sono presenti insieme, la reazione di combustione non pu&ograve; avvenire.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 10.85pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"IT\" style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">L&#8217;acqua ha una importante caratteristica: assorbe molto calore per riscaldarsi e si dice che ha un alto calore specifico.<br \/>\nIl fuoco &egrave; caldo e l&#8217;acqua, assorbendone il calore, sviluppa vapore acqueo.<br \/>\nIl vapore si sviluppa violentemente, si dilata e occupa spazio prendendo il posto dell&#8217;ossigeno, che &egrave; il cibo essenziale del fuoco.<\/p>\n<p>Quindi l&#8217;acqua agisce su due fronti: da una parte assorbe il CALORE della fiamma mentre dall&#8217;altro, con la produzione di vapore, &quot;soffoca&quot; la fiamma.<\/span><span lang=\"IT\" style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><br \/>\nImpedendole di bruciare l&#8217;ossigeno, l&#8217;acqua fa fuori in un colpo solo l&#8217;innesco (che &egrave; il calore) e il comburente (che &egrave; l&#8217;ossigeno)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:10.85pt;background:white\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"IT\" style=\"font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:\n&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#333333;mso-ansi-language:IT\">Ad esempio, in incendi provocati da olii combustibili, l&#8217;acqua peggiora gli effetti ,diventando veicolo di trasporto dell&#8217;olio incendiato che, essendo pi&ugrave; leggero dell&#8217;acqua stessa, galleggia e si espande.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 10.85pt; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"IT\" style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">Infatti, gettando l&#8217;acqua, l&#8217;incendio si diffonde e in quel caso sono necessarie specifiche schiume che soffocano la fiamma sottraendo l&#8217;ossigeno e quindi eliminando il fattore comburente.<br \/>\nPer spegnere gli incendi, inoltre, esistono, oltre all&#8217;acqua e alle schiume, polveri, CO<sub>2<\/sub> e quant&#8217;altro contribuisca a raffreddare o a soffocare le fiamme.<\/p>\n<p>Per i quadri e le centrali elettriche,le normative prevedono l&#8217;installazione e l&#8217;utilizzo di impianti o estintori ad anidride carbonica (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) che, oltre a ghiacciare le parti incendiate, evitano danni alle strutture e non lasciano residui se non un leggero strato di ghiaccio mentre le polveri possono essere utilizzate ma rendono per&ograve; inutilizzabili le componenti elettriche.<\/p>\n<p>Se parliamo di pozzi petroliferi, le fiamme si propagano alla sommit&agrave; del getto, quindi a qualche decina di metri da terra, e il greggio bollente si propagherebbe nell&#8217;aria causando danni peggiori.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"IT\" style=\"font-size:9.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#333333;mso-ansi-language:IT;\nmso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA\">L&#8217;unico sistema per spegnere un pozzo petrolifero &egrave; quello di sottrarre ossigeno e di soffocare la fiamma con una violenta esplosione generata da trinitrotoluele sintetico (TNT), che esplode per variazione di pressione generata da innesco a distanza, in questo caso l&#8217;incendio si spegne e il petrolio continua a zampillare e pu&ograve; essere raccolto.<br style=\"mso-special-character:line-break\" \/><br \/>\n<br style=\"mso-special-character:line-break\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":226,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-termodinamica"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/226"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3343"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3343\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}