{"id":3316,"date":"2012-04-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-04-11T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T22:00:00","slug":"3316","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/3316\/","title":{"rendered":"Osservando la luna di sera si vede la luce del sole \r\nriflessa ma non si vede la luce stessa. Quindi si \r\nvedono solo gli effetti della luce, come riflessione e \r\ndiffusione. Che spiegazione dare allora al noto \r\nfenomeno dei raggi fuoriuscenti da nuvole che coprono \r\na malapena il sole? E quale alla loro geometria?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div align=\"justify\">\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<pre wrap=\"\"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>\r\n <w:WordDocument>\r\n  <w:View>Normal<\/w:View>\r\n  <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom>\r\n  <w:TrackMoves \/>\r\n  <w:TrackFormatting \/>\r\n  <w:HyphenationZone>14<\/w:HyphenationZone>\r\n  <w:PunctuationKerning \/>\r\n  <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas \/>\r\n  <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>\r\n  <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent>\r\n  <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>\r\n  <w:DoNotPromoteQF \/>\r\n  <w:LidThemeOther>IT<\/w:LidThemeOther>\r\n  <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE<\/w:LidThemeAsian>\r\n  <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE<\/w:LidThemeComplexScript>\r\n  <w:Compatibility>\r\n   <w:BreakWrappedTables \/>\r\n   <w:SnapToGridInCell \/>\r\n   <w:WrapTextWithPunct \/>\r\n   <w:UseAsianBreakRules \/>\r\n   <w:DontGrowAutofit \/>\r\n   <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark \/>\r\n   <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp 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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\" \/>\r\n <\/w:LatentStyles>\r\n<\/xml><![endif]--><font face=\"Arial\">Quello che si vede quando il sole &egrave; parzialmente offuscato da una nube &egrave; la luce del Sole diffusa dal pulviscolo (aerosol) atmosferico e, in misura in genere minore, dalle molecole dei gas costituenti l&rsquo;atmosfera. Un esempio si pu&ograve; vedere qui: <a href=\"http:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nubi_sole_sullo_Stretto_di_Messina.JPG\">http:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nubi_sole_sullo_Stretto_di_Messina.JPG .<\/a><\/font><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">E&rsquo; di fatto lo stesso effetto che si nota al cinema quando si guarda verso la cabina di proiezione, o in una chiesa quando il sole filtra attraverso una finestra piccola e in alto. E&rsquo; anche il fenomeno che ci fa vedere il fascio dei fari dell&rsquo;auto nella nebbia. Un fascio laser, infatti, non &egrave; facilmente visibile se non nel momento in cui giunge accidentalmente nell&rsquo;occhio (evitare!) o allorch&eacute; &egrave; diffuso da un solido o da una dispersione di aerosol. Ricordo <span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\">&nbsp;<\/span>di aver visto in televisione una dimostrazione di Piero Angela e Paco Lanciano in cui il laser messo in studio si vedeva solo quando si soffiava del fumo sul suo percorso. Si pu&ograve; vedere un altro esempio in questo video: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sxC61TwxgIA\">http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sxC61TwxgIA<\/a> , anche se la descrizione non &egrave; perfetta: non sono infatti gli ioni, ma le disomogeneit&agrave; pi&ugrave; grandi a rendere visibile il fascio (bollicine, granelli rimasti, disomogeneit&agrave; dell&rsquo;indice di rifrazione dell&rsquo;aqua a causa della non perfetta miscelazione).<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Le particelle di polvere in atmosfera diffondono la luce in tutte le direzioni, ma principalmente in avanti, e rendono quindi visibili i fasci di luce osservandoli &lsquo;di sbieco&rsquo;. <span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\">&nbsp;<\/span>Lo stesso effetto di diffusione causa poi un alone attorno al Sole o a alla Luna quando attraversa uno strato denso e uniforme.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Oltre qualche centinaio di chilometri al di sopra della superficie terrestre l&rsquo;atmosfera &egrave; talmente rarefatta che la luce viaggia praticamente indisturbata. Per questo non vediamo raggi giungere sulla Luna. La diffusione dei raggi solari e lunari avviene solo negli strati pi&ugrave; bassi di atmosfera. Per questo motivo<span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\">&nbsp; <\/span>vediamo inoltre il cielo azzurro: le foto prese dalla Luna mostrano un cielo nero in quanto, in assenza di atmosfera, non avviene diffusione e i raggi si propagano pressoch&eacute; indisturbati!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":150,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-luce-e-fenomeni-ottici"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/150"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3316"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3316\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vialattea.net\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}